There are many factors that induce a sneeze and it may not be the same for two people in the same family. Some people sneeze as they come out of their home on a sunny day, while others get a sneeze when they pop a chewing gum into their mouth. Many people have a fickle nose and start sneezing at the smallest excuse like after an exercise, when plucking the eyebrow or eve after sex.

Here is a glimpse at why these people sneeze at such times and all about why we sneeze at all.

Sneezes start in the nerves

All our nervous system is basically wired in the same way, but signals travelling along the nerves take various paths to and from the brain and thus the different situations in which a person sneezes and others don’t. It is actually a result of a nerve transmission that tells the brain that something is in the nose and needs to come out.

Sneezing keeps the body safe

Sneezing is a vital part of the immune process, helping us keep healthy and free from infections.  A sneeze actually clears the nose of bacteria and viruses and thus protects the body. What happens is, when some foreign body enters our nose it triggers off the ‘sneeze centre’ in our brain, which is located in the lower brain stem. Thereafter signals are rapidly sent to tightly close the throat, eyes and mouth. The chest muscles rapidly close and the throat muscles quickly relax. Instantly air along with saliva and mucus is forced out of the mouth and nose and so finally you have sneezed.

Sneeze has high speed

You will be surprised to know that a sneeze actually travels at about 100 miles per hour. It is estimated that a single sneeze can shoot into the air 100,000 germs.

Plucking eyebrows causes a sneeze

When you pluck your eyebrows a particular nerve in the face that supplies the nasal passage is set off and produces a sneeze.

People don’t sneeze in sleep

People in deep sleep never sneeze, since the sneeze inducing nerves are not stimulated and go to sleep and so there is no sneeze during your sleep.

Exercise makes one sneeze

For some people an exercise session may bring on a sneeze. When a person hyperventilate due to exertion the nose and mouth start to dry up, the nose then starts dripping and this makes you sneeze.

Sunshine makes one sneeze

One out of three people get a sneeze as bright sunlight hits them. These kind of sneezers are called light sneezers or ‘photics’, from Greek for ‘of light’. Light sensitivity is an inherited trait and it is passed on from our parents.

How can you stop a sneeze?

While it may not entirely be a fool-proof solution, breathing through the nose and pinching the end of the nose can stop a sneeze in its tracks.

Headaches are a common occurrence and everyone gets it from time to time. Whereas caffeine is present in everything we eat and drink on a daily basis. Now, is there a connection between caffeine and headache? It is always possible that this very caffeine may be cause and cure for our headache.

Does caffeine help us?

Whenever the head hurts or you get a headache the search is on for some sort of immediate relief. It can be a stress induced headache or a chronic migraine but taking some caffeine gives instant relief. Exactly why, caffeine is an ingredient in most of the popular pain relievers. At times a little bit of caffeinated drink can stop the pain in its tracks.

A special kind of headache known as the hypic headache responds very well to caffeine. These is kind of headache that strikes older people and they wake up in the middle of the night with severe headache. Doctors are known to advise such patients to have a cup of coffee before retiring to bed.

Does caffeine hurt?

Strangely, what makes caffeine effective as a pain reliever is exactly what causes the pain in other cases. Caffeine usually narrows the blood vessels that surround the brain to control pain, when you stop taking it the blood vessels expand again, this causes severe pain.

There is something called the withdrawal symptom. The body gets used to the effects of caffeine and when you don’t have it in the system, you experience withdrawal symptom. The headache you get is one such symptom. This usually happens when you have caffeine regularly, like one cup of coffee ever day.

Caffeine also plays a part in what is known as medication overuse or rebound headache. When you take too much of a pain reliever  often, there is always a risk of medication overuse. Finally when the medicine wears off the pain returns with renewed force. When there is a combination of caffeine with pain relievers, this can easily happen.

What can be done to balance caffeine effects?

Always be aware of the effects of caffeine and control how much you drink or eat substances with caffeine. When you get persistent headache or attacks of migraine then you should cut down on caffeine or stop it altogether. For example, if you are having 2 cups of coffee along with your breakfast, try to reduce it to 1 cup. This should be done gradually because a sudden stop would result in withdrawal syndrome.

Try to remember what give you relief when there is an attack of headache and keep a record of it. Getting a good night’s sleep and drinking plenty of water is recommended. Usually a nutritious diet and regular exercise can go a long way in cancelling out a caffeine induced headache. Managing stress, certain relaxation exercises, meditation and body massage or head massage can be a good remedy instead of using caffeine.

Stroke is the leading cause of death the world over and it is always a medical emergency. When stroke occurs it is usually caused by a blood vessel bursting in the brain or due to a blockage. When the blood supply is cut-off the cells in the brain quickly begin to die and this results in serious diability or death. A stroke patient should get immediate professional medical help or should reach the nearest hospital.

What are the symptoms of stroke?

There are many symptoms that points to an imminent stroke. If a person has high blood pressure or doctor has warned about a possibility of stroke then extra care should be taken to look out for tell tale signs of stroke. The most common symptoms are listed below:

• Sudden feeling of numbness on one side of the body
• Feeling of weakness of the body especially on one side
• A sudden and severe headache without any reason
• Sudden vision problem in one or both eyes
• Problem in swallowing
• Sudden dizziness, loss of balance etc.
• Feeling confused, difficulty in speaking and understanding

F.A.S.T Test for stroke

To make it easy to recognise the symptoms of a stroke the F.A.S.T test has been devised. Each letter stands for a body part which has to be checked to recognise a stroke and the letter T stands for time which is very critical in saving a stroke patient.

F for Face: Ask the person to smile. Check whether one side is drooping

A for Arms: Ask the person to lift the arms and check if one side drifts down.

S for Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple word and watch if the person has trouble speaking or has a slur

T for Time: Time is very crucial if you see any of the above signs then rush the patient to the nearest emergency care within four hours.

What are the risk factors?

The risk factors for a stroke includes high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and obesity. Lack of exercise, smoking and drinking are the other behavioural causes.

What are the types of stroke?

There are three most recognised type of strokes which includes ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and mini stroke. The ischemic stroke happens when the blood vessels to the brain get blocked due to a blood clot. The hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a weakened blood vessel in the brain bursts and the mini stroke is the one that suddenly takes place and causes symptoms similar to an actual stroke, but when the blood flow is restored the symptoms just disappear within 24 hours.

Emergency treatments

When a person suffers a ischemic stroke then medicines are used to restore the blood flow to the brain. A clot busting drug is used within 3-4 hours of a stroke. The hemorrhagic stroke is much more difficult to control where blood pressure, bleeding and brain swelling has to be immediately controlled for saving the patient.

Time is brain

Every minute counts after the onset of stroke. You can lose 2 million brain cells in each minute until blood flows in restored to your brain. Hence knowing the signs of stroke and getting help quickly can save one’s life. If anybody near you shows positive F A S T test, bring him to hospital within few hours.

The liver is a central organ for nutrient metabolism. There are nine essential amino acids which are not made by your body and therefore must be obtained via your diet of them three leucine, isoleunce and valine are considered branched chain amino acids(BCAA). BCCA are known to improve nutritional status, prognosis and quality of life in people. BCAA may also enhance weight and fat loss. BCAAs are present in all protein containing foods. Excellent sources BCAA sources include chicken, fish and eggs. You can also get BCAA from beans, lentils, nuts and soy.

Here is a list of the best and worst food for the liver.

Oatmeal

Usually food with lots of fibre content is best for the liver as it makes the liver work at its best. Oatmeal is one such food with enormous fibre in it and the best way to start the day. Oatmeal also helps in losing weight and belly fat which ultimately helps in keeping the liver disease free.

Broccoli

There is no denying that you should add lot of green veggies in your diet if you want your liver to be healthy. Broccoli is one such food that delivers what it promises. Studies show that crunchy food can help protect us from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. If steamed broccoli is a bit blant then shred it into a slaw and have a salad with a tangy dressing.

Coffee

Coffee may look out of place when you talk about liver healthy food but infact it does have some benefits. It is proved that having 2-3 cups of coffee a day can actually reverse the damage caused to liver by alcohol or unhealthy food. Other research shows that drinking coffee can also lower the risk of liver cancer.

Green Tea

Green Tea is brimming with catechins, a type of antioxidant. It gives protection against liver cancer. A hot cup of green tea brewed at home gives more benefits than cold tea or ready to drink tea from the market.

Water

The liver is most healthy when your weight is under control. Whenever you are thirsty reach for a bottle of fresh water rather than sweetened drinks like coke or sports drink. A little sense everyday can save addition of many fattening calories over time.

Almonds

Nuts and especially almonds are best source of vitamin E a rich nutrient which will stop fatty liver disease in its tracks. Almonds are a good food for the heart also and so always grab a handful for you whenever available. They can be used in other food and salads too.

FOODS to AVOID

Fatty Food

All those tempting food that pop out of advertisements and street corners can be harmful to the liver health. French fries and burgers are always luscious but only till they reach your stomach and then their saturate fat content will make it harder for the liver to carry out its job. This will overtime lead to inflammation which later causes scarring of the liver known as cirrhosis. So, if you want the liver to be healthy then keep away from such food.

Sugar

Sweetness without control can cause lifelong damage to the liver. Part of the liver’s job is to convert sugar into fat. If you eat too much sugar then it will produce excess of fat which will get deposited all over your body. It can also lead to fatty liver disease.

Common Salt

It is a must that your body gets some amount of salt for it to function properly, but too much is what we get daily. Diet high in salt will lead to fibrosis or first stage of liver scarring. Try to avoid processed foods like pickles which are loaded with excess salts, always choose fresh produce and products. Keep your salt shaker away from the table.

Packaged foods

Next you feel like reaching out for a packaged food try to control your thoughts. Packaged foods are usually loaded with sugar, salt and fats. Cut back on snacking or if you really want to then reach for some healthy snacks. An apple or a pack of almonds is always a better option.